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Chapter 8

"Short-Term Ketogenic Diet Improves Abdominal Obesity in Overweight/Obese Chinese Young Females" (Kong et al., 2020)

by Dr. Lee Gwang-jo · ✓ Free

"Short-Term Ketogenic Diet Improves Abdominal Obesity in Overweight/Obese Chinese Young Females" (Kong et al., 2020)

Short-Term Ketogenic Diet Improves Abdominal Obesity in Overweight/Obese Chinese Young Females

Kong, Z., Sun, S., Shi, Q., Zhang, H., Tong, T. K., & Nie, J. (2020). Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 856. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00856

Dr. Lee Let me introduce the final paper. This study examined a short-term ketogenic diet in young women with abdominal obesity. The title is "Short-Term Ketogenic Diet Improves Abdominal Obesity in Overweight/Obese Chinese Young Females" (Kong et al., 2020). Average age was 21 years; participants followed a normal diet for 4 weeks (28 days), then a ketogenic diet for another 4 weeks (28 days).

As shown in Figure 8-6(a), calorie intake was lower on the keto diet than on the normal diet. Panel (b) shows that carbohydrate intake was lower on keto. Panel (c) shows that protein intake was higher on keto, and panel (d) shows that fat intake was greater on keto.

[Figure 8-6]

Daily Intake of Calories (a), Carbohydrate (b), Protein (c), and Fat (d) During 4 Weeks of Ketogenic Diet

4-panel line graphs (Week 1–4, Normal vs Keto): (a) Calories — Keto ~1800 kcal vs Normal ~2100 kcal. (b) Carbohydrate — Keto ~25% vs Normal ~50%. (c) Protein — Keto ~25% vs Normal ~15%. (d) Fat — Keto ~70% vs Normal ~40%.

As Table 8-3 shows, after the ketogenic diet, body weight fell from 65.1 to 62.1 kg, BMI from 24.8 to 23.6, waist circumference from 77.2 to 73.6 cm, and hip circumference from 100 to 97 cm. For appetite-related markers, leptin fell from 11.9 to 6.9 ng/mL after the keto diet, and ghrelin fell from 856.8 to 785.7 pg/mL.

Table 8-3. Outcomes after normal vs. ketogenic diet

Variable	Pre-normal	Post-normal / Pre-keto	Post-keto	p
Weight (kg)	65.5±7.7	65.1±8.1	62.1±7.1	0.000
BMI (kg/m²)	24.9±2.7	24.8±2.8	23.6±2.6	0.000
Waist (cm)	76.9±7.7	77.2±7.7	73.6±6.0	0.000
Hip (cm)	100.1±5.0	100.0±4.7	97.4±4.3	0.000
Body fat %	35.2±3.8	34.7±3.9	32.2±4.6	0.002
Leptin (ng/mL)	14.5±10.1	11.9±6.8	6.9±6.2	0.000
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	882±703	856±602	785±647	0.590
TNF-α (pg/mL)	5.4±2.0	5.0±2.1	4.6±1.5	0.186

Table 8-4. Comparison of pre-post change between normal and ketogenic diets

Variable	Normal Δ	Keto Δ	ES (d)
ΔBody weight (kg)	−0.4±1.5	−2.9±2.1	1.42
ΔBMI (kg/m²)	−0.2±0.6	−1.1±0.7	1.44
ΔWaist (cm)	0.7±1.5	−4.0±3.2	1.91
ΔHip (cm)	−0.1±1.6	−2.5±2.3	1.23
ΔBF%	−0.6±1.8	−2.0±2.2	0.68
Leptin (ng/mL)	−2.7±7.1	−5.0±6.0	0.36

ES (d): Cohen's d for effect size relative to the normal-diet change. Values below 0.2 = small, ~0.5 = medium, ≥0.8 = large.

References marked with [number] in the text will be organized and added later.

※ Detailed sources and academic references can be checked in the book Appendix.

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